Sally Knew the Road. But Who Was Responsible? In 1953, Isaac Asimov published a short story called “Sally” in Fantastic magazine. In it, self-driving cars with positronic brains roam a farm for retired automobiles, developing personalities and emotional responses. When a villainous character attempts to exploit them, Sally and the other cars act to protect themselves and the humans they care for. Asimov, as he so often did, had seen something clearly: that autonomous vehicles capable of independent action would inevitably raise questions that went far beyond engineering. Questions about agency, intention, and most pressingly, responsibility. Seventy years later, those questions are no longer philosophical. They are legal, regulatory, and…